Implement Pattern color space and Shading, seal IColor classes, stop using decimal in colors and use double instead

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Graphics/TestOperationContext.cs

@@ -271,6 +271,11 @@
             GetCurrentState().FontState.CharacterSpacing = spacing;
         }
 
+        public void PaintShading(NameToken shading)
+        {
+
+        }
+
         private class TestFontFactory : IFontFactory
         {
             public IFont Get(DictionaryToken dictionary)

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Images/PngFromPdfImageFactoryTests.cs

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
             var decodedBytes = ImageHelpers.LoadFileBytes("ccittfax-decoded.bin");
             var image = new TestPdfImage
             {
-                ColorSpaceDetails = IndexedColorSpaceDetails.Stencil(DeviceGrayColorSpaceDetails.Instance, new[] { 1m, 0 }),
+                ColorSpaceDetails = IndexedColorSpaceDetails.Stencil(DeviceGrayColorSpaceDetails.Instance, new[] { 1.0, 0 }),
                 DecodedBytes = decodedBytes,
                 WidthInSamples = 1800,
                 HeightInSamples = 3113,
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
                 ColorSpaceDetails = new ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails(
                     numberOfColorComponents: 3,
                     alternateColorSpaceDetails: DeviceRgbColorSpaceDetails.Instance,
-                    range: new List<decimal> { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 },
+                    range: new List<double> { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 },
                     metadata: null),
                 DecodedBytes = decodedBytes,
                 WidthInSamples = 1,
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
                 ColorSpaceDetails = new ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails(
                     numberOfColorComponents: 3,
                     alternateColorSpaceDetails: DeviceRgbColorSpaceDetails.Instance,
-                    range: new List<decimal> { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 },
+                    range: new List<double> { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 },
                     metadata: null),
                 DecodedBytes = decodedBytes,
                 WidthInSamples = 1,
@@ -212,7 +212,6 @@
             Assert.True(PngFromPdfImageFactory.TryGenerate(iccBasedImage, out var iccPngBytes));
             Assert.True(PngFromPdfImageFactory.TryGenerate(deviceRGBImage, out var deviceRgbBytes));
             Assert.Equal(iccPngBytes, deviceRgbBytes);
-
         }
 
         [Fact]
@@ -222,13 +221,13 @@
             var image = new TestPdfImage
             {
                 ColorSpaceDetails = new CalRGBColorSpaceDetails(
-                    whitePoint: new List<decimal> { 0.95043m, 1, 1.09m },
+                    whitePoint: new List<double> { 0.95043, 1, 1.09 },
                     blackPoint: null,
-                    gamma: new List<decimal> { 2.2m, 2.2m, 2.2m },
-                    matrix: new List<decimal> {
-                        0.41239m, 0.21264m, 0.01933m,
-                        0.35758m, 0.71517m, 0.11919m,
-                        0.18045m, 0.07218m, 0.9504m }),
+                    gamma: new List<double> { 2.2, 2.2, 2.2 },
+                    matrix: new List<double> {
+                        0.41239, 0.21264, 0.01933,
+                        0.35758, 0.71517, 0.11919,
+                        0.18045, 0.07218, 0.9504 }),
                 DecodedBytes = decodedBytes,
                 WidthInSamples = 153,
                 HeightInSamples = 83,
@@ -246,9 +245,9 @@
             var image = new TestPdfImage
             {
                 ColorSpaceDetails = new CalGrayColorSpaceDetails(
-                    whitePoint: new List<decimal> { 0.9505000114m, 1, 1.0889999866m },
+                    whitePoint: new List<double> { 0.9505000114, 1, 1.0889999866 },
                     blackPoint: null,
-                    gamma: 2.2000000477m),
+                    gamma: 2.2000000477),
                 DecodedBytes = decodedBytes,
                 WidthInSamples = 2480,
                 HeightInSamples = 1748,

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Integration/ColorSpaceTests.cs

@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@
                 var image3_0 = images3[0];
                 var deviceNCs = image3_0.ColorSpaceDetails as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
-                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpace is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
                 Assert.True(image3_0.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes3_0));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "DeviceN_CS_test_3_0.png"), bytes3_0);
 
                 var image3_2 = images3[2];
                 deviceNCs = image3_2.ColorSpaceDetails as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
-                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpace is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
                 Assert.True(image3_2.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes3_2));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "DeviceN_CS_test_3_2.png"), bytes3_2);
 
@@ -76,21 +76,21 @@
                 var image6_0 = images6[0];
                 deviceNCs = image6_0.ColorSpaceDetails as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
-                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpace is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
                 Assert.True(image6_0.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes6_0));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "DeviceN_CS_test_6_0.png"), bytes6_0);
 
                 var image6_1 = images6[1];
                 deviceNCs = image6_0.ColorSpaceDetails as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
-                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpace is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
                 Assert.True(image6_1.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes6_1));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "DeviceN_CS_test_6_1.png"), bytes6_1);
 
                 var image6_2 = images6[2];
                 deviceNCs = image6_2.ColorSpaceDetails as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
-                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(deviceNCs.AlternateColorSpace is ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails);
                 Assert.True(image6_2.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes6_2));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "DeviceN_CS_test_6_2.png"), bytes6_2);
             }
@@ -104,17 +104,17 @@
             using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(path))
             {
                 var page1 = document.GetPage(1);
-                var images = page1.GetImages();
+                var images = page1.GetImages().ToArray();
                 var image1page1 = images.ElementAt(0);
                 var separationCs = image1page1.ColorSpaceDetails as SeparationColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(separationCs);
-                Assert.True(separationCs.AlternateColorSpaceDetails is DeviceCmykColorSpaceDetails);
+                Assert.True(separationCs.AlternateColorSpace is DeviceCmykColorSpaceDetails);
 
-                foreach (var image in images)
+                for (int i = 0; i < images.Length; i++)
                 {
-                    if (image.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes))
+                    if (images[i].TryGetPng(out var png))
                     {
-                        // Can't check actual image processing yet because encoded not supported
+                        File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, $"MOZILLA-7375-0_1_{i}.png"), png);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 
                 var indexedCs = image0.ColorSpaceDetails as IndexedColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(indexedCs);
-                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.CalRGB, indexedCs.BaseColorSpaceDetails.Type);
+                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.CalRGB, indexedCs.BaseColorSpace.Type);
                 Assert.True(image0.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes0));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "MOZILLA-10084-0_1_0.png"), bytes0);
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
                 Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.Indexed, image1.ColorSpaceDetails.Type);
                 indexedCs = image1.ColorSpaceDetails as IndexedColorSpaceDetails;
                 Assert.NotNull(indexedCs);
-                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.CalRGB, indexedCs.BaseColorSpaceDetails.Type);
+                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.CalRGB, indexedCs.BaseColorSpace.Type);
                 Assert.True(image1.TryGetPng(out byte[] bytes1));
                 File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, "MOZILLA-10084-0_1_1.png"), bytes1);
             }
@@ -259,11 +259,12 @@
                 for (int p = 0; p < document.NumberOfPages; p++)
                 {
                     var page = document.GetPage(p + 1);
-                    foreach (var image in page.GetImages())
+                    var images = page.GetImages().ToArray();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < images.Length; i++)
                     {
-                        if (image.TryGetPng(out var png))
+                        if (images[i].TryGetPng(out var png))
                         {
-                            // TODO
+                            File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(OutputFolder, $"Pig Production Handbook_{p + 1}_{i}.png"), png);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -279,7 +280,10 @@
             {
                 Page page1 = document.GetPage(1);
                 var paths1 = page1.ExperimentalAccess.Paths.Where(p => p.IsFilled).ToArray();
-                Assert.Equal((0.930496m, 0.111542m, 0.142197m), paths1[0].FillColor.ToRGBValues()); // 'Reflex Red' Separation color space
+                var reflexRed = paths1[0].FillColor.ToRGBValues(); // 'Reflex Red' Separation color space
+                Assert.Equal(0.930496, reflexRed.r, 6);
+                Assert.Equal(0.111542, reflexRed.g, 6);
+                Assert.Equal(0.142197, reflexRed.b, 6);
 
                 Page page2 = document.GetPage(2);
                 var words = page2.GetWords(NearestNeighbourWordExtractor.Instance).ToArray();
@@ -294,9 +298,9 @@
                 var filledRects = filledPath.Where(p => p.Count == 1 && p[0].IsDrawnAsRectangle).ToArray();
 
                 // Colors picked from Acrobat reader
-                (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) lightRed = (0.985m, 0.942m, 0.921m);
-                (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) lightRed2 = (1m, 0.95m, 0.95m);
-                (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) lightOrange = (0.993m, 0.964m, 0.929m);
+                (double r, double g, double b) lightRed = (0.985, 0.942, 0.921);
+                (double r, double g, double b) lightRed2 = (1, 0.95, 0.95);
+                (double r, double g, double b) lightOrange = (0.993, 0.964, 0.929);
 
                 var filledColors = filledRects
                     .OrderBy(x => x.GetBoundingRectangle().Value.Left)
@@ -327,7 +331,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private static byte ConvertToByte(decimal componentValue)
+        private static byte ConvertToByte(double componentValue)
         {
             var rounded = Math.Round(componentValue * 255, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
             return (byte)rounded;

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Integration/PatternColorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests.Integration
+{
+    using System.Linq;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Core;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors;
+    using Xunit;
+
+    public class PatternColorTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void ShadingPattern1()
+        {
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("cat-genetics_bobld.pdf")))
+            {
+                var page = document.GetPage(1);
+
+                var annotationStamp = page.ExperimentalAccess.GetAnnotations().ElementAt(14);
+                Assert.Equal(Annotations.AnnotationType.Stamp, annotationStamp.Type);
+                Assert.True(annotationStamp.HasNormalAppearance);
+
+                var appearance = annotationStamp.normalAppearanceStream;
+                // TODO - load color space in annotation appearance
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ShadingPattern2()
+        {
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("output_w3c_csswg_drafts_issues2023.pdf")))
+            {
+                var page = document.GetPage(1);
+                var path = page.ExperimentalAccess.Paths.Single();
+                var color = path.FillColor;
+                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.Pattern, color.ColorSpace);
+
+                var patternColor = color as PatternColor;
+                Assert.Equal(PatternType.Shading, patternColor.PatternType);
+                Assert.NotNull(patternColor.PatternDictionary);
+
+                var shadingColor = patternColor as ShadingPatternColor;
+                Assert.NotNull(shadingColor.Shading);
+
+                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.DeviceN, shadingColor.Shading.ColorSpace.Type);
+
+                var deviceNCs = shadingColor.Shading.ColorSpace as DeviceNColorSpaceDetails;
+                Assert.NotNull(deviceNCs);
+                Assert.Equal(2, deviceNCs.Names.Count);
+                Assert.Contains("PANTONE Reflex Blue C", deviceNCs.Names.Select(n => n.Data));
+                Assert.Contains("PANTONE Warm Red C", deviceNCs.Names.Select(n => n.Data));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TillingPattern1()
+        {
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("22060_A1_01_Plans-1.pdf")))
+            {
+                var page = document.GetPage(1);
+                var filledPath = page.ExperimentalAccess.Paths.Where(p => p.IsFilled).ToArray();
+                var pattern = filledPath[0].FillColor;
+                Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.Pattern, pattern.ColorSpace);
+
+                var patternColor = pattern as PatternColor;
+                Assert.Equal(PatternType.Tiling, patternColor.PatternType);
+                Assert.Equal(0.213333, patternColor.Matrix[0, 0]);
+                Assert.Equal(0.0, patternColor.Matrix[0, 1]);
+                Assert.Equal(0.0, patternColor.Matrix[0, 2]);
+
+                Assert.Equal(0.0, patternColor.Matrix[1, 0]);
+                Assert.Equal(0.213333, patternColor.Matrix[1, 1]);
+                Assert.Equal(0.0, patternColor.Matrix[1, 2]);
+
+                Assert.Equal(-0.231058, patternColor.Matrix[2, 0]);
+                Assert.Equal(1190.67, patternColor.Matrix[2, 1]);
+                Assert.Equal(1.0, patternColor.Matrix[2, 2]);
+
+                Assert.Null(patternColor.ExtGState);
+                Assert.NotNull(patternColor.PatternDictionary);
+
+                var tillingColor = patternColor as TilingPatternColor;
+                Assert.NotNull(tillingColor.PatternStream);
+                Assert.Equal(1897.47, tillingColor.XStep);
+                Assert.Equal(2012.23, tillingColor.YStep);
+                Assert.Equal(142, tillingColor.Data.Count);
+
+                Assert.Equal(new PdfPoint(-18.6026, -1992.51), tillingColor.BBox.BottomLeft);
+                Assert.Equal(new PdfPoint(1878.86, 19.7278), tillingColor.BBox.TopRight);
+                Assert.Equal(PatternPaintType.Coloured, tillingColor.PaintType);
+                Assert.Equal(PatternTilingType.ConstantSpacing, tillingColor.TilingType);
+                Assert.NotNull(tillingColor.Resources);
+                Assert.Equal(4, tillingColor.Resources.Data.Count);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TillingPattern2()
+        {
+            // 53
+            // 307
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("SPARC - v9 Architecture Manual.pdf")))
+            {
+                // page 53
+                var page = document.GetPage(53);
+                var strokedPath = page.ExperimentalAccess.Paths.Where(p => p.StrokeColor?.ColorSpace == ColorSpace.Pattern).ToArray();
+                Assert.Equal(5, strokedPath.Length);
+                foreach (var p in strokedPath)
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.Pattern, p.StrokeColor.ColorSpace);
+                    var patternColor = p.StrokeColor as PatternColor;
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternType.Tiling, patternColor.PatternType);
+                    var tillingColor = patternColor as TilingPatternColor;
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternPaintType.Uncoloured, tillingColor.PaintType);
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternTilingType.ConstantSpacingFasterTiling, tillingColor.TilingType);
+                }
+
+                // page 307
+                page = document.GetPage(307);
+                strokedPath = page.ExperimentalAccess.Paths.Where(p => p.StrokeColor?.ColorSpace == ColorSpace.Pattern).ToArray();
+                Assert.Equal(2, strokedPath.Length);
+                foreach (var p in strokedPath)
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(ColorSpace.Pattern, p.StrokeColor.ColorSpace);
+                    var patternColor = p.StrokeColor as PatternColor;
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternType.Tiling, patternColor.PatternType);
+                    var tillingColor = patternColor as TilingPatternColor;
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternPaintType.Uncoloured, tillingColor.PaintType);
+                    Assert.Equal(PatternTilingType.ConstantSpacingFasterTiling, tillingColor.TilingType);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Integration/PigProductionHandbookTests.cs

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
                 var (r, g, b) = page.Letters[0].Color.ToRGBValues();
 
                 Assert.Equal(1, r);
-                Assert.Equal(0.914m, g);
-                Assert.Equal(0.765m, b);
+                Assert.Equal(0.914, g);
+                Assert.Equal(0.765, b);
 
                 // White.
                 (r, g, b) = page.Letters[37].Color.ToRGBValues();
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
                 // Blackish.
                 (r, g, b) = page.Letters[76].Color.ToRGBValues();
 
-                Assert.Equal(0.137m, r);
-                Assert.Equal(0.122m, g);
-                Assert.Equal(0.125m, b);
+                Assert.Equal(0.137, r);
+                Assert.Equal(0.122, g);
+                Assert.Equal(0.125, b);
             }
         }
 

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Integration/ShadingTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests.Integration
+{
+    using Xunit;
+
+    public class ShadingTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void AxialRadial1()
+        {
+            // We just check pages can be parsed correctly for now
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("68-1990-01_A.pdf")))
+            {
+                var page7 = document.GetPage(7);
+                var page14 = document.GetPage(14);
+                var page15 = document.GetPage(15);
+                var page16 = document.GetPage(16);
+                var page19 = document.GetPage(19);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AxialRadialTensorProduct1()
+        {
+            // We just check pages can be parsed correctly for now
+            using (var document = PdfDocument.Open(IntegrationHelpers.GetDocumentPath("MOZILLA-3136-0.pdf")))
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < document.NumberOfPages; i++)
+                {
+                    var page = document.GetPage(i + 1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/PublicApiScannerTests.cs

@@ -117,6 +117,12 @@
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.GrayColor",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.IColor",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.RGBColor",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.PatternColor",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.TilingPatternColor",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.ShadingPatternColor",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.PatternType",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.PatternPaintType",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.PatternTilingType",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.ColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.CalGrayColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.CalRGBColorSpaceDetails",
@@ -127,8 +133,18 @@
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.IndexedColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.LabColorSpaceDetails",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.PatternColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.SeparationColorSpaceDetails",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.Shading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.ShadingType",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.FunctionBasedShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.AxialShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.RadialShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.FreeFormGouraudShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.LatticeFormGouraudShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.CoonsPatchMeshesShading",
+                "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors.TensorProductPatchMeshesShading",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Core.LineCapStyle",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Core.LineDashPattern",
                 "UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Core.LineJoinStyle",

src/UglyToad.PdfPig.Tests/Writer/Fonts/Standard14WritingFontTests.cs

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 
                 {
                     var lettersUnicode = letters.Where(l => l.FontName == "ZapfDingbats"
-                                                           && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78m)
+                                                           && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78)
                                                .ToList();
                     Assert.Equal(188, lettersUnicode.Count);
                     for (int i = 0; i < lettersUnicode.Count; i++)
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
 
                 {
                     var lettersUnicode = letters.Where(l => l.FontName == "Symbol"
-                                                           && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78m)
+                                                           && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78)
                                                .ToList();
                     Assert.Equal(189, lettersUnicode.Count);
                     for (int i = 0; i < lettersUnicode.Count; i++)
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
                     {
                         var lettersUnicode = letters.Where(l => l.FontName == expectedFontName
                                                                 && l.FontSize == 12d
-                                                                && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78m)
+                                                                && l.Color.ToRGBValues().b > 0.78)
                                                    .ToList();
                         Assert.Equal(149, lettersUnicode.Count);
                         for (int i = 0; i < lettersUnicode.Count; i++)

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Content/IResourceStore.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 {
     using Graphics.Colors;
     using PdfFonts;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
     using Tokens;
 
     internal interface IResourceStore
@@ -27,5 +28,9 @@
         ColorSpaceDetails GetColorSpaceDetails(NameToken name, DictionaryToken dictionary);
 
         DictionaryToken GetMarkedContentPropertiesDictionary(NameToken name);
+
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<NameToken, PatternColor> GetPatterns();
+
+        Shading GetShading(NameToken name);
     }
 }

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Content/ResourceStore.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@
 
         private readonly Dictionary<NameToken, DictionaryToken> markedContentProperties = new Dictionary<NameToken, DictionaryToken>();
 
+        private readonly Dictionary<NameToken, Shading> shadingsProperties = new Dictionary<NameToken, Shading>();
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<NameToken, PatternColor> patternsProperties = new Dictionary<NameToken, PatternColor>();
+
         private (NameToken name, IFont font) lastLoadedFont;
 
         public ResourceStore(IPdfTokenScanner scanner, IFontFactory fontFactory, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
@@ -116,6 +120,16 @@
                 }
             }
 
+            if (resourceDictionary.TryGet(NameToken.Pattern, scanner, out DictionaryToken patternDictionary))
+            {
+                // NB: in PDF, all patterns shall be local to the context in which they are defined.
+                foreach (var namePatternPair in patternDictionary.Data)
+                {
+                    var name = NameToken.Create(namePatternPair.Key);
+                    patternsProperties[name] = PatternParser.Create(namePatternPair.Value, scanner, this, filterProvider);
+                }
+            }
+
             if (resourceDictionary.TryGet(NameToken.Properties, scanner, out DictionaryToken markedContentPropertiesList))
             {
                 foreach (var pair in markedContentPropertiesList.Data)
@@ -130,6 +144,28 @@
                     markedContentProperties[key] = namedProperties;
                 }
             }
+
+            if (resourceDictionary.TryGet(NameToken.Shading, scanner, out DictionaryToken shadingList))
+            {
+                foreach (var pair in shadingList.Data)
+                {
+                    var key = NameToken.Create(pair.Key);
+                    if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(pair.Value, scanner, out DictionaryToken namedPropertiesDictionary))
+                    {
+                        shadingsProperties[key] = ShadingParser.Create(namedPropertiesDictionary, scanner, this, filterProvider);
+                    }
+                    else if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(pair.Value, scanner, out StreamToken namedPropertiesStream))
+                    {
+                        // Shading types 4 to 7 shall be defined by a stream containing descriptive data characterizing
+                        // the shading's gradient fill.
+                       shadingsProperties[key] = ShadingParser.Create(namedPropertiesStream, scanner, this, filterProvider);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new NotImplementedException("Shading");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         public void UnloadResourceDictionary()
@@ -245,7 +281,10 @@
 
         public ColorSpaceDetails GetColorSpaceDetails(NameToken name, DictionaryToken dictionary)
         {
-            dictionary ??= new DictionaryToken(new Dictionary<NameToken, IToken>());
+            if (dictionary == null)
+            {
+                dictionary = new DictionaryToken(new Dictionary<NameToken, IToken>());
+            }
 
             // Null color space for images
             if (name is null)
@@ -298,5 +337,15 @@
         {
             return markedContentProperties.TryGetValue(name, out var result) ? result : null;
         }
+
+        public Shading GetShading(NameToken name)
+        {
+            return shadingsProperties[name];
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyDictionary<NameToken, PatternColor> GetPatterns()
+        {
+            return patternsProperties;
+        }
     }
 }

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/ColorSpaceContext.cs

@@ -40,7 +40,15 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            currentStateFunc().CurrentStrokingColor = CurrentStrokingColorSpace.GetColor(operands.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray());
+            if (patternName != null && CurrentStrokingColorSpace.Type == ColorSpace.Pattern)
+            {
+                currentStateFunc().CurrentStrokingColor = ((PatternColorSpaceDetails)CurrentStrokingColorSpace).GetColor(patternName);
+                // TODO - use operands values for Uncoloured Tiling Patterns
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                currentStateFunc().CurrentStrokingColor = CurrentStrokingColorSpace.GetColor(operands.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray());
+            }
         }
 
         public void SetStrokingColorGray(decimal gray)
@@ -79,7 +87,15 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            currentStateFunc().CurrentNonStrokingColor = CurrentNonStrokingColorSpace.GetColor(operands.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray());
+            if (patternName != null && CurrentNonStrokingColorSpace.Type == ColorSpace.Pattern)
+            {
+                currentStateFunc().CurrentNonStrokingColor = ((PatternColorSpaceDetails)CurrentNonStrokingColorSpace).GetColor(patternName);
+                // TODO - use operands values for Uncoloured Tiling Patterns
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                currentStateFunc().CurrentNonStrokingColor = CurrentNonStrokingColorSpace.GetColor(operands.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray());
+            }
         }
 
         public void SetNonStrokingColorGray(decimal gray)
@@ -109,4 +125,4 @@
             };
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/CMYKColor.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
     /// <summary>
     /// A color with cyan, magenta, yellow and black (K) components.
     /// </summary>
-    public class CMYKColor : IColor, IEquatable<CMYKColor>
+    public sealed class CMYKColor : IColor, IEquatable<CMYKColor>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// CMYK Black value (0, 0, 0, 1).
@@ -24,27 +24,27 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
         /// <summary>
         /// The cyan value.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal C { get; }
+        public double C { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The magenta value.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal M { get; }
+        public double M { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The yellow value.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal Y { get; }
+        public double Y { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The black value.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal K { get; }
+        public double K { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="CMYKColor"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public CMYKColor(decimal c, decimal m, decimal y, decimal k)
+        public CMYKColor(double c, double m, double y, double k)
         {
             C = c;
             M = m;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) ToRGBValues()
+        public (double r, double g, double b) ToRGBValues()
         {
             return ((1 - C) * (1 - K),
                 (1 - M) * (1 - K),
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
             return $"CMYK: ({C}, {M}, {Y}, {K})";
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/ColorSpaceDetails.cs

@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@
         public abstract int NumberOfColorComponents { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The underlying type of ColorSpace, usually equal to <see cref="Type"/>
-        /// unless <see cref="ColorSpace.Indexed"/>.
+        /// The underlying type of <see cref="ColorSpace"/>, usually equal to <see cref="Type"/>
+        /// unless <see cref="ColorSpace.Indexed"/> or <see cref="ColorSpace.DeviceN"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public ColorSpace BaseType { get; protected set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The number of components for the underlying color space.
         /// </summary>
-        public abstract int BaseNumberOfColorComponents { get; }
+        internal abstract int BaseNumberOfColorComponents { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="ColorSpaceDetails"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        protected ColorSpaceDetails(ColorSpace type)
+        protected internal ColorSpaceDetails(ColorSpace type)
         {
             Type = type;
             BaseType = type;
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 1;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private DeviceGrayColorSpaceDetails() : base(ColorSpace.DeviceGray)
         { }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
             }
             else
             {
-                return new GrayColor((decimal)gray);
+                return new GrayColor(gray);
             }
         }
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 3;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private DeviceRgbColorSpaceDetails() : base(ColorSpace.DeviceRGB)
         { }
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
                 return RGBColor.White;
             }
 
-            return new RGBColor((decimal)r, (decimal)g, (decimal)b);
+            return new RGBColor(r, g, b);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 4;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private DeviceCmykColorSpaceDetails() : base(ColorSpace.DeviceCMYK)
         {
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
                 return CMYKColor.White;
             }
 
-            return new CMYKColor((decimal)c, (decimal)m, (decimal)y, (decimal)k);
+            return new CMYKColor(c, m, y, k);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
         /// [0, 1] it indicates that black is at index 0 in the color palette, whereas [1, 0] indicates
         /// that the black color is at index 1.
         /// </summary>
-        internal static ColorSpaceDetails Stencil(ColorSpaceDetails colorSpaceDetails, decimal[] decode)
+        internal static ColorSpaceDetails Stencil(ColorSpaceDetails colorSpaceDetails, double[] decode)
         {
             var blackIsOne = decode.Length >= 2 && decode[0] == 1 && decode[1] == 0;
             return new IndexedColorSpaceDetails(colorSpaceDetails, 1, blackIsOne ? new byte[] { 255, 0 } : new byte[] { 0, 255 });
@@ -287,16 +287,16 @@
 
         /// <summary>
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        /// <para>In the case of <see cref="IndexedColorSpaceDetails"/>, gets the <see cref="IndexedColorSpaceDetails.BaseColorSpaceDetails"/>' <c>BaseNumberOfColorComponents</c>.</para>
+        /// <para>In the case of <see cref="IndexedColorSpaceDetails"/>, gets the <see cref="BaseColorSpace"/>' <c>BaseNumberOfColorComponents</c>.</para>
         /// </summary>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => BaseColorSpaceDetails.BaseNumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => BaseColorSpace.BaseNumberOfColorComponents;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The base color space in which the values in the color table are to be interpreted.
         /// It can be any device or CIE-based color space or (in PDF 1.3) a Separation or DeviceN space,
         /// but not a Pattern space or another Indexed space.
         /// </summary>
-        public ColorSpaceDetails BaseColorSpaceDetails { get; }
+        public ColorSpaceDetails BaseColorSpace { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An integer that specifies the maximum valid index value. Can be no greater than 255.
@@ -314,17 +314,17 @@
         public IndexedColorSpaceDetails(ColorSpaceDetails baseColorSpaceDetails, byte hiVal, IReadOnlyList<byte> colorTable)
             : base(ColorSpace.Indexed)
         {
-            BaseColorSpaceDetails = baseColorSpaceDetails ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(baseColorSpaceDetails));
+            BaseColorSpace = baseColorSpaceDetails ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(baseColorSpaceDetails));
             HiVal = hiVal;
             ColorTable = colorTable;
-            BaseType = baseColorSpaceDetails.BaseType;
+            BaseType = baseColorSpaceDetails.Type;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         internal override double[] Process(params double[] values)
         {
             var csBytes = UnwrapIndexedColorSpaceBytes(new[] { (byte)values[0] });
-            return BaseColorSpaceDetails.Process(csBytes.Select(b => b / 255.0).ToArray());
+            return BaseColorSpace.Process(csBytes.Select(b => b / 255.0).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
             return cache.GetOrAdd(values[0], v =>
             {
                 var csBytes = UnwrapIndexedColorSpaceBytes(new[] { (byte)v });
-                return BaseColorSpaceDetails.GetColor(csBytes.Select(b => b / 255.0).ToArray());
+                return BaseColorSpace.GetColor(csBytes.Select(b => b / 255.0).ToArray());
             });
         }
 
@@ -387,18 +387,19 @@
                     break;
 
                 case ColorSpace.DeviceN:
+                case ColorSpace.ICCBased:
                     transformer = x =>
                     {
-                        var r = new byte[BaseColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents];
-                        for (var i = 0; i < BaseColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents; i++)
+                        var r = new byte[BaseColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents];
+                        for (var i = 0; i < BaseColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents; i++)
                         {
-                            r[i] = ColorTable[x * BaseColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents + i];
+                            r[i] = ColorTable[x * BaseColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents + i];
                         }
 
                         return r;
                     };
 
-                    multiplier = BaseColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents;
+                    multiplier = BaseColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents;
                     break;
             }
 
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@
         internal override IReadOnlyList<byte> Transform(IReadOnlyList<byte> decoded)
         {
             var unwraped = UnwrapIndexedColorSpaceBytes(decoded);
-            return BaseColorSpaceDetails.Transform(unwraped);
+            return BaseColorSpace.Transform(unwraped);
         }
     }
 
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents { get; }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => AlternateColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => AlternateColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Specifies name objects specifying the individual colour components. The length of the array shall
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@
         /// The intended colors can be approximated by colors in a device or CIE-based color space
         /// which are then rendered with the usual primary or process colorants.
         /// </summary>
-        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpaceDetails { get; }
+        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpace { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The optional attributes parameter shall be a dictionary containing additional information about the components of
@@ -488,7 +489,7 @@
         /// During subsequent painting operations, an application calls this function to transform a tint value into
         /// color component values in the alternate color space.
         /// The function is called with the tint value and must return the corresponding color component values.
-        /// That is, the number of components and the interpretation of their values depend on the <see cref="AlternateColorSpaceDetails"/>.
+        /// That is, the number of components and the interpretation of their values depend on the <see cref="AlternateColorSpace"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public PdfFunction TintFunction { get; }
 
@@ -501,16 +502,17 @@
         {
             Names = names;
             NumberOfColorComponents = Names.Count;
-            AlternateColorSpaceDetails = alternateColorSpaceDetails;
+            AlternateColorSpace = alternateColorSpaceDetails;
             Attributes = attributes;
             TintFunction = tintFunction;
+            BaseType = AlternateColorSpace.Type;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         internal override double[] Process(params double[] values)
         {
-            var evaled = TintFunction.Eval(values[0]);
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.Process(evaled);
+            var evaled = TintFunction.Eval(values);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.Process(evaled);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -525,7 +527,7 @@
 
             // TODO - caching
             var evaled = TintFunction.Eval(values);
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.GetColor(evaled);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.GetColor(evaled);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -562,7 +564,7 @@
         /// <summary>
         /// DeviceN Color Space Attributes.
         /// </summary>
-        public struct DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes
+        public readonly struct DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes
         {
             /// <summary>
             /// A name specifying the preferred treatment for the colour space. Values shall be <c>DeviceN</c> or <c>NChannel</c>. Default value: <c>DeviceN</c>.
@@ -585,7 +587,7 @@
             public DictionaryToken MixingHints { get; }
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// TODO
+            /// Create a new <see cref="DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes"/>.
             /// </summary>
             public DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes()
             {
@@ -596,7 +598,7 @@
             }
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// TODO
+            /// Create a new <see cref="DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes"/>.
             /// </summary>
             public DeviceNColorSpaceAttributes(NameToken subtype, DictionaryToken colorants, DictionaryToken process, DictionaryToken mixingHints)
             {
@@ -622,7 +624,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 1;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => AlternateColorSpaceDetails.NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => AlternateColorSpace.NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Specifies the name of the colorant that this Separation color space is intended to represent.
@@ -645,13 +647,13 @@
         /// The intended colors can be approximated by colors in a device or CIE-based color space
         /// which are then rendered with the usual primary or process colorants.
         /// </summary>
-        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpaceDetails { get; }
+        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpace { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// During subsequent painting operations, an application calls this function to transform a tint value into
         /// color component values in the alternate color space.
         /// The function is called with the tint value and must return the corresponding color component values.
-        /// That is, the number of components and the interpretation of their values depend on the <see cref="AlternateColorSpaceDetails"/>.
+        /// That is, the number of components and the interpretation of their values depend on the <see cref="AlternateColorSpace"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public PdfFunction TintFunction { get; }
 
@@ -664,7 +666,7 @@
             : base(ColorSpace.Separation)
         {
             Name = name;
-            AlternateColorSpaceDetails = alternateColorSpaceDetails;
+            AlternateColorSpace = alternateColorSpaceDetails;
             TintFunction = tintFunction;
         }
 
@@ -672,7 +674,7 @@
         internal override double[] Process(params double[] values)
         {
             var evaled = TintFunction.Eval(values[0]);
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.Process(evaled);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.Process(evaled);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -688,7 +690,7 @@
             return cache.GetOrAdd(values[0], v =>
             {
                 var evaled = TintFunction.Eval(v);
-                return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.GetColor(evaled);
+                return AlternateColorSpace.GetColor(evaled);
             });
         }
 
@@ -728,7 +730,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 1;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private readonly CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer colorSpaceTransformer;
 
@@ -736,24 +738,24 @@
         /// An array of three numbers [XW  YW  ZW] specifying the tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space of the
         /// diffuse white point. The numbers XW and ZW shall be positive, and YW shall be equal to 1.0.
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> WhitePoint { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> WhitePoint { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An array of three numbers [XB  YB  ZB] specifying the tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space of the
         /// diffuse black point. All three numbers must be non-negative. Default value: [0.0  0.0  0.0].
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> BlackPoint { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> BlackPoint { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// A number defining the gamma for the gray (A) component. Gamma must be positive and is generally
         /// greater than or equal to 1. Default value: 1.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal Gamma { get; }
+        public double Gamma { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="CalGrayColorSpaceDetails"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public CalGrayColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint, decimal? gamma)
+        public CalGrayColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<double> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint, double? gamma)
             : base(ColorSpace.CalGray)
         {
             WhitePoint = whitePoint ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(whitePoint));
@@ -762,26 +764,26 @@
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(whitePoint), whitePoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {whitePoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            BlackPoint = blackPoint ?? new[] { 0m, 0, 0 }.ToList();
+            BlackPoint = blackPoint ?? new[] { 0.0, 0, 0 }.ToArray();
             if (BlackPoint.Count != 3)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(blackPoint), blackPoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {blackPoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            Gamma = gamma ?? 1m;
+            Gamma = gamma ?? 1.0;
 
             colorSpaceTransformer =
-                new CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer(((double)WhitePoint[0], (double)WhitePoint[1], (double)WhitePoint[2]), RGBWorkingSpace.sRGB)
+                new CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer((WhitePoint[0], WhitePoint[1], WhitePoint[2]), RGBWorkingSpace.sRGB)
                 {
                     DecoderABC = color => (
-                    Math.Pow(color.A, (double)Gamma),
-                    Math.Pow(color.B, (double)Gamma),
-                    Math.Pow(color.C, (double)Gamma)),
+                    Math.Pow(color.A, Gamma),
+                    Math.Pow(color.B, Gamma),
+                    Math.Pow(color.C, Gamma)),
 
                     MatrixABC = new Matrix3x3(
-                    (double)WhitePoint[0], 0, 0,
-                    0, (double)WhitePoint[1], 0,
-                    0, 0, (double)WhitePoint[2])
+                    WhitePoint[0], 0, 0,
+                    0, WhitePoint[1], 0,
+                    0, 0, WhitePoint[2])
                 };
         }
 
@@ -793,7 +795,7 @@
         private RGBColor TransformToRGB(double colorA)
         {
             var (R, G, B) = colorSpaceTransformer.TransformToRGB((colorA, colorA, colorA));
-            return new RGBColor((decimal)R, (decimal)G, (decimal)B);
+            return new RGBColor(R, G, B);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -852,7 +854,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 3;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private readonly CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer colorSpaceTransformer;
 
@@ -860,31 +862,31 @@
         /// An array of three numbers [XW  YW  ZW] specifying the tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space of the
         /// diffuse white point. The numbers XW and ZW shall be positive, and YW shall be equal to 1.0.
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> WhitePoint { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> WhitePoint { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An array of three numbers [XB  YB  ZB] specifying the tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space of the
         /// diffuse black point. All three numbers must be non-negative. Default value: [0.0  0.0  0.0].
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> BlackPoint { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> BlackPoint { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An array of three numbers [GR  GG  GB] specifying the gamma for the red, green and blue (A, B, C) components
         /// of the color space. Default value: [1.0  1.0  1.0].
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> Gamma { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> Gamma { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An array of nine numbers [XA  YA  ZA  XB  YB  ZB  XC  YC  ZC] specifying the linear interpretation of the
         /// decoded A, B, C components of the color space with respect to the final XYZ representation. Default value:
         /// [1  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  1].
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> Matrix { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> Matrix { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="CalRGBColorSpaceDetails"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public CalRGBColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> gamma, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> matrix)
+        public CalRGBColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<double> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> gamma, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> matrix)
             : base(ColorSpace.CalRGB)
         {
             WhitePoint = whitePoint ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(whitePoint));
@@ -893,36 +895,36 @@
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(whitePoint), whitePoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {whitePoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            BlackPoint = blackPoint ?? new[] { 0m, 0, 0 }.ToList();
+            BlackPoint = blackPoint ?? new[] { 0.0, 0, 0 }.ToArray();
             if (BlackPoint.Count != 3)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(blackPoint), blackPoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {blackPoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            Gamma = gamma ?? new[] { 1m, 1, 1 }.ToList();
+            Gamma = gamma ?? new[] { 1.0, 1, 1 }.ToArray();
             if (Gamma.Count != 3)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(gamma), gamma, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {gamma.Count}.");
             }
 
-            Matrix = matrix ?? new[] { 1m, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 }.ToList();
+            Matrix = matrix ?? new[] { 1.0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 }.ToArray();
             if (Matrix.Count != 9)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(matrix), matrix, $"Must consist of exactly nine numbers, but was passed {matrix.Count}.");
             }
 
             colorSpaceTransformer =
-                new CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer(((double)WhitePoint[0], (double)WhitePoint[1], (double)WhitePoint[2]), RGBWorkingSpace.sRGB)
+                new CIEBasedColorSpaceTransformer((WhitePoint[0], WhitePoint[1], WhitePoint[2]), RGBWorkingSpace.sRGB)
                 {
                     DecoderABC = color => (
-                    Math.Pow(color.A, (double)Gamma[0]),
-                    Math.Pow(color.B, (double)Gamma[1]),
-                    Math.Pow(color.C, (double)Gamma[2])),
+                    Math.Pow(color.A, Gamma[0]),
+                    Math.Pow(color.B, Gamma[1]),
+                    Math.Pow(color.C, Gamma[2])),
 
                     MatrixABC = new Matrix3x3(
-                    (double)Matrix[0], (double)Matrix[3], (double)Matrix[6],
-                    (double)Matrix[1], (double)Matrix[4], (double)Matrix[7],
-                    (double)Matrix[2], (double)Matrix[5], (double)Matrix[8])
+                    Matrix[0], Matrix[3], Matrix[6],
+                    Matrix[1], Matrix[4], Matrix[7],
+                    Matrix[2], Matrix[5], Matrix[8])
                 };
         }
 
@@ -934,7 +936,7 @@
         private RGBColor TransformToRGB((double A, double B, double C) colorAbc)
         {
             var (R, G, B) = colorSpaceTransformer.TransformToRGB((colorAbc.A, colorAbc.B, colorAbc.C));
-            return new RGBColor((decimal)R, (decimal)G, (decimal)B);
+            return new RGBColor(R, G, B);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -995,7 +997,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents => 3;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An array of three numbers [XW  YW  ZW] specifying the tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space of the
@@ -1020,22 +1022,22 @@
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="LabColorSpaceDetails"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public LabColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> matrix)
+        public LabColorSpaceDetails([NotNull] IReadOnlyList<double> whitePoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint, [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> matrix)
             : base(ColorSpace.Lab)
         {
-            WhitePoint = whitePoint?.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray() ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(whitePoint));
+            WhitePoint = whitePoint?.Select(v => v).ToArray() ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(whitePoint));
             if (WhitePoint.Count != 3)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(whitePoint), whitePoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {whitePoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            BlackPoint = blackPoint?.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray() ?? new[] { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+            BlackPoint = blackPoint?.Select(v => v).ToArray() ?? new[] { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
             if (BlackPoint.Count != 3)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(blackPoint), blackPoint, $"Must consist of exactly three numbers, but was passed {blackPoint.Count}.");
             }
 
-            Matrix = matrix?.Select(v => (double)v).ToArray() ?? new[] { -100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0 };
+            Matrix = matrix?.Select(v => v).ToArray() ?? new[] { -100.0, 100.0, -100.0, 100.0 };
             if (Matrix.Count != 4)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(matrix), matrix, $"Must consist of exactly four numbers, but was passed {matrix.Count}.");
@@ -1054,7 +1056,7 @@
         private RGBColor TransformToRGB((double A, double B, double C) colorAbc)
         {
             var rgb = Process(colorAbc.A, colorAbc.B, colorAbc.C);
-            return new RGBColor((decimal)rgb[0], (decimal)rgb[1], (decimal)rgb[2]);
+            return new RGBColor(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -1131,7 +1133,7 @@
     /// within the limitations of each device.
     /// <para>
     /// Currently support for this color space is limited in PdfPig. Calculations will only be based on
-    /// the color space of <see cref="AlternateColorSpaceDetails"/>.
+    /// the color space of <see cref="AlternateColorSpace"/>.
     /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     public sealed class ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails : ColorSpaceDetails
@@ -1144,7 +1146,7 @@
         public override int NumberOfColorComponents { get; }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An alternate color space that can be used in case the one specified in the stream data is not
@@ -1160,7 +1162,7 @@
         /// </para>
         /// </summary>
         [NotNull]
-        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpaceDetails { get; }
+        public ColorSpaceDetails AlternateColorSpace { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// A list of 2 x <see cref="NumberOfColorComponents"/> numbers [min0 max0  min1 max1  ...] that
@@ -1168,7 +1170,7 @@
         /// values must match the information in the ICC profile. Default value: [0.0 1.0  0.0 1.0  ...].
         /// </summary>
         [NotNull]
-        public IReadOnlyList<decimal> Range { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<double> Range { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// An optional metadata stream that contains metadata for the color space.
@@ -1180,7 +1182,7 @@
         /// Create a new <see cref="ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails"/>.
         /// </summary>
         internal ICCBasedColorSpaceDetails(int numberOfColorComponents, [CanBeNull] ColorSpaceDetails alternateColorSpaceDetails,
-            [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<decimal> range, [CanBeNull] XmpMetadata metadata)
+            [CanBeNull] IReadOnlyList<double> range, [CanBeNull] XmpMetadata metadata)
             : base(ColorSpace.ICCBased)
         {
             if (numberOfColorComponents != 1 && numberOfColorComponents != 3 && numberOfColorComponents != 4)
@@ -1189,13 +1191,13 @@
             }
 
             NumberOfColorComponents = numberOfColorComponents;
-            AlternateColorSpaceDetails = alternateColorSpaceDetails ??
+            AlternateColorSpace = alternateColorSpaceDetails ??
                 (NumberOfColorComponents == 1 ? (ColorSpaceDetails)DeviceGrayColorSpaceDetails.Instance :
                 NumberOfColorComponents == 3 ? (ColorSpaceDetails)DeviceRgbColorSpaceDetails.Instance : (ColorSpaceDetails)DeviceCmykColorSpaceDetails.Instance);
 
-            BaseType = AlternateColorSpaceDetails.BaseType;
+            BaseType = AlternateColorSpace.BaseType;
             Range = range ??
-                Enumerable.Range(0, numberOfColorComponents).Select(x => new[] { 0.0m, 1.0m }).SelectMany(x => x).ToList();
+                Enumerable.Range(0, numberOfColorComponents).Select(x => new[] { 0.0, 1.0 }).SelectMany(x => x).ToArray();
             if (Range.Count != 2 * numberOfColorComponents)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(range), range,
@@ -1209,7 +1211,7 @@
         {
             // TODO - use ICC profile
 
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.Process(values);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.Process(values);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@
 
             // TODO - use ICC profile
 
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.GetColor(values);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.GetColor(values);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -1242,8 +1244,105 @@
         {
             // TODO - use ICC profile
 
-            return AlternateColorSpaceDetails.Transform(decoded);
+            return AlternateColorSpace.Transform(decoded);
         }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Pattern color space.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class PatternColorSpaceDetails : ColorSpaceDetails
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The pattern dictionary.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyDictionary<NameToken, PatternColor> Patterns { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Cannot be called for <see cref="PatternColorSpaceDetails"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int NumberOfColorComponents => throw new InvalidOperationException("PatternColorSpaceDetails");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Valid for Uncoloured Tiling Patterns. Wwill throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> otherwise.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => UnderlyingColourSpace.NumberOfColorComponents;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The underlying color space for Uncoloured Tiling Patterns.
+        /// </summary>
+        [CanBeNull]
+        public ColorSpaceDetails UnderlyingColourSpace { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="PatternColorSpaceDetails"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="patterns">The patterns.</param>
+        /// <param name="underlyingColourSpace">The underlying colour space for Uncoloured Tiling Patterns.</param>
+        public PatternColorSpaceDetails(IReadOnlyDictionary<NameToken, PatternColor> patterns, ColorSpaceDetails underlyingColourSpace)
+            : base(ColorSpace.Pattern)
+        {
+            Patterns = patterns ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(patterns));
+            UnderlyingColourSpace = underlyingColourSpace;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the corresponding <see cref="PatternColor"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name"></param>
+        public PatternColor GetColor(NameToken name)
+        {
+            return Patterns[name];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Cannot be called for <see cref="PatternColorSpaceDetails"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        internal override double[] Process(params double[] values)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("PatternColorSpaceDetails");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Cannot be called for <see cref="PatternColorSpaceDetails"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
+        /// Use <see cref="GetColor(NameToken)"/> instead.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public override IColor GetColor(params double[] values)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("PatternColorSpaceDetails");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Always returns <c>null</c>.</returns>
+        public override IColor GetInitializeColor()
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Cannot be called for <see cref="PatternColorSpaceDetails"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        internal override IReadOnlyList<byte> Transform(IReadOnlyList<byte> decoded)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("PatternColorSpaceDetails");
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1270,7 +1369,7 @@
         /// Cannot be called for <see cref="UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
         /// </para>
         /// </summary>
-        public override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
+        internal override int BaseNumberOfColorComponents => NumberOfColorComponents;
 
         private UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails() : base(ColorSpace.DeviceGray)
         {

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/GrayColor.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
     /// <summary>
     /// A grayscale color with a single gray component.
     /// </summary>
-    public class GrayColor : IColor, IEquatable<GrayColor>
+    public sealed class GrayColor : IColor, IEquatable<GrayColor>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Gray Black value (0).
@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
         /// <summary>
         /// The gray value between 0 and 1.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal Gray { get; }
+        public double Gray { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="GrayColor"/>.
         /// </summary>
-        public GrayColor(decimal gray)
+        public GrayColor(double gray)
         {
             Gray = gray;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) ToRGBValues()
+        public (double r, double g, double b) ToRGBValues()
         {
             return (Gray, Gray, Gray);
         }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public override int GetHashCode() => Gray.GetHashCode();
-        
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Equals.
         /// </summary>
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
             return $"Gray: {Gray}";
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/IColor.cs

@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@
         /// <summary>
         /// The color as RGB values (between 0 and 1).
         /// </summary>
-        (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) ToRGBValues();
+        (double r, double g, double b) ToRGBValues();
     }
 }

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/PatternColor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Core;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokens;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A pattern color.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Base class for <see cref="TilingPatternColor"/> and <see cref="ShadingPatternColor"/>.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class PatternColor : IColor
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 1 for tiling, 2 for shading.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PatternType PatternType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The dictionary defining the pattern.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DictionaryToken PatternDictionary { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Graphics state parameter dictionary containing graphics state parameters to be put into effect temporarily while the shading
+        /// pattern is painted. Any parameters that are so specified shall be inherited from the graphics state that was in effect at the
+        /// beginning of the content stream in which the pattern is defined as a resource.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DictionaryToken ExtGState { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The pattern matrix (see 8.7.2, "General Properties of Patterns"). Default value: the identity matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0].
+        /// </summary>
+        public TransformationMatrix Matrix { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        protected internal PatternColor(PatternType patternType, DictionaryToken patternDictionary, DictionaryToken extGState, TransformationMatrix matrix)
+        {
+            PatternType = patternType;
+            PatternDictionary = patternDictionary;
+            ExtGState = extGState;
+            Matrix = matrix;
+        }
+
+        #region IColor
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ColorSpace ColorSpace { get; } = ColorSpace.Pattern;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        /// <para>
+        /// Cannot be called for <see cref="PatternColor"/>, will throw a <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public (double r, double g, double b) ToRGBValues()
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot call ToRGBValues in a Pattern color.");
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"Pattern: ({PatternType})";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A tiling pattern consists of a small graphical figure called a pattern cell. Painting with the pattern
+    /// replicates the cell at fixed horizontal and vertical intervals to fill an area. The effect is as if the
+    /// figure were painted on the surface of a clear glass tile, identical copies of which were then laid down
+    /// in an array covering the area and trimmed to its boundaries.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class TilingPatternColor : PatternColor, IEquatable<TilingPatternColor>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Content stream containing the painting operators needed to paint one instance of the cell.
+        /// </summary>
+        public StreamToken PatternStream { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A code that determines how the colour of the pattern cell shall be specified.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PatternPaintType PaintType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A code that controls adjustments to the spacing of tiles relative to the device pixel grid:.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PatternTilingType TilingType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The pattern cell's bounding box. These boundaries shall be used to clip the pattern cell.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfRectangle BBox { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The desired horizontal spacing between pattern cells, measured in the pattern coordinate system.
+        /// <para>
+        /// XStep and YStep may differ from the dimensions of the pattern cell implied by the BBox entry. This allows tiling with irregularly shaped figures.
+        /// XStep and YStep may be either positive or negative but shall not be zero.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double XStep { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The desired vertical spacing between pattern cells, measured in the pattern coordinate system.
+        /// <para>
+        /// XStep and YStep may differ from the dimensions of the pattern cell implied by the BBox entry. This allows tiling with irregularly shaped figures.
+        /// XStep and YStep may be either positive or negative but shall not be zero.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double YStep { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A resource dictionary that shall contain all of the named resources required by the pattern's content stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DictionaryToken Resources { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Content containing the painting operators needed to paint one instance of the cell.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyList<byte> Data { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="TilingPatternColor"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TilingPatternColor(TransformationMatrix matrix, DictionaryToken extGState, StreamToken patternStream,
+            PatternPaintType paintType, PatternTilingType tilingType, PdfRectangle bbox, double xStep, double yStep,
+            DictionaryToken resources, IReadOnlyList<byte> data)
+            : base(PatternType.Tiling, patternStream.StreamDictionary, extGState, matrix)
+        {
+            PatternStream = patternStream;
+            PaintType = paintType;
+            TilingType = tilingType;
+            BBox = bbox;
+            XStep = xStep;
+            YStep = yStep;
+            Resources = resources;
+            Data = data;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is TilingPatternColor color)
+            {
+                return Equals(color);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool Equals(TilingPatternColor other)
+        {
+            return PatternType.Equals(other.PatternType) &&
+                Matrix.Equals(other.Matrix) &&
+                ExtGState.Equals(other.ExtGState) &&
+                PaintType.Equals(other.PaintType) &&
+                TilingType.Equals(other.TilingType) &&
+                BBox.Equals(other.BBox) &&
+                XStep.Equals(other.XStep) &&
+                YStep.Equals(other.YStep) &&
+                Resources.Equals(other.Resources) &&
+                Data.SequenceEqual(other.Data);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override int GetHashCode() => (PatternType, Matrix, ExtGState, PaintType, TilingType, BBox, XStep, YStep, Resources, Data).GetHashCode();
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return base.ToString() + $"[{PaintType}][{TilingType}]";
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Equals.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool operator ==(TilingPatternColor color1, TilingPatternColor color2) =>
+            EqualityComparer<TilingPatternColor>.Default.Equals(color1, color2);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Not Equals.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool operator !=(TilingPatternColor color1, TilingPatternColor color2) => !(color1 == color2);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Shading patterns provide a smooth transition between colours across an area to be painted, independent of
+    /// the resolution of any particular output device and without specifying the number of steps in the colour transition.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ShadingPatternColor : PatternColor, IEquatable<ShadingPatternColor>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A shading object defining the shading pattern's gradient fill.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Shading Shading { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="ShadingPatternColor"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ShadingPatternColor(TransformationMatrix matrix, DictionaryToken extGState, DictionaryToken patternDictionary, Shading shading)
+            : base(PatternType.Shading, patternDictionary, extGState, matrix)
+        {
+            Shading = shading;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is ShadingPatternColor color)
+            {
+                return Equals(color);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool Equals(ShadingPatternColor other)
+        {
+            return PatternType.Equals(other.PatternType) &&
+                   Matrix.Equals(other.Matrix) &&
+                   ExtGState.Equals(other.ExtGState) &&
+                   Shading.Equals(other.Shading);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public override int GetHashCode() => (PatternType, Matrix, ExtGState, Shading).GetHashCode();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Equals.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool operator ==(ShadingPatternColor color1, ShadingPatternColor color2) =>
+            EqualityComparer<ShadingPatternColor>.Default.Equals(color1, color2);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Not Equals.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool operator !=(ShadingPatternColor color1, ShadingPatternColor color2) => !(color1 == color2);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// TODO
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum PatternType : byte
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        Tiling = 1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        Shading = 2
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// TODO
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum PatternPaintType : byte
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        Coloured = 1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        Uncoloured = 2
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// TODO
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum PatternTilingType : byte
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        ConstantSpacing = 1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        NoDistortion = 2,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// TODO
+        /// </summary>
+        ConstantSpacingFasterTiling = 3
+    }
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/RGBColor.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     /// <summary>
     /// A color with red, green and blue components.
     /// </summary>
-    public class RGBColor : IColor, IEquatable<RGBColor>
+    public sealed class RGBColor : IColor, IEquatable<RGBColor>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// RGB Black value (all 0).
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@
         /// <summary>
         /// The red value between 0 and 1.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal R { get; }
+        public double R { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The green value between 0 and 1.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal G { get; }
+        public double G { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The blue value between 0 and 1.
         /// </summary>
-        public decimal B { get; }
+        public double B { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new <see cref="RGBColor"/>.
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
         /// <param name="r">The red value between 0 and 1.</param>
         /// <param name="g">The green value between 0 and 1.</param>
         /// <param name="b">The blue value between 0 and 1.</param>
-        public RGBColor(decimal r, decimal g, decimal b)
+        public RGBColor(double r, double g, double b)
         {
             R = r;
             G = g;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public (decimal r, decimal g, decimal b) ToRGBValues() => (R, G, B);
+        public (double r, double g, double b) ToRGBValues() => (R, G, B);
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public override bool Equals(object obj)
@@ -95,4 +95,4 @@
             return $"RGB: ({R}, {G}, {B})";
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/RGBWorkingSpace.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     internal class RGBWorkingSpace
     {
         public static readonly XYZReferenceWhite ReferenceWhites = new XYZReferenceWhite();
-      
+
         public static readonly RGBWorkingSpace AdobeRGB1998 = new RGBWorkingSpace
         {
             GammaCorrection = CreateGammaFunc(2.2),
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
             BluePrimary = (0.1570, 0.0180, 0.016875)
         };
 
-        public Func<double, double> GammaCorrection { get; private set; } 
+        public Func<double, double> GammaCorrection { get; private set; }
         public (double X, double Y, double Z) ReferenceWhite { get; private set; }
         public (double x, double y, double Y) RedPrimary { get; private set; }
         public (double x, double y, double Y) BluePrimary { get; private set; }
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@
         // The reference white values below were obtained from: http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_ChromAdapt.html
         internal class XYZReferenceWhite
         {
-            internal XYZReferenceWhite() {}
+            internal XYZReferenceWhite() { }
             public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) A = (1.09850, 1.00000, 0.35585);
             public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) B = (0.99072, 1.00000, 0.85223);
-            public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) C = (0.98074, 1.00000,	1.18232);
+            public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) C = (0.98074, 1.00000, 1.18232);
             public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) D50 = (0.96422, 1.00000, 0.82521);
             public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) D55 = (0.95682, 1.00000, 0.92149);
             public readonly (double X, double Y, double Z) D65 = (0.95047, 1.00000, 1.08883);

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Colors/Shading.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors
+{
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Core;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Functions;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokens;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A shading specifies details of a particular gradient fill, including the type
+    /// of shading to be used, the geometry of the area to be shaded, and the geometry of the
+    /// gradient fill. Various shading types are available, depending on the value of the
+    /// dictionary's ShadingType entry.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The dictionary defining the shading.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DictionaryToken ShadingDictionary { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The shading type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ShadingType ShadingType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The colour space in which colour values shall beexpressed.
+        /// This may be any device, CIE-based, or special colour space except a Pattern space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ColorSpaceDetails ColorSpace { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An array of colour components appropriate to the colour space,
+        /// specifying a single background colour value. If present, this
+        /// colour shall be used, before any painting operation involving
+        /// the shading, to fill those portions of the area to be painted
+        /// that lie outside the bounds of the shading object.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Background { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The shading's bounding box. The coordinates shall be interpreted
+        /// in the shading's target coordinate space. If present, this bounding
+        /// box shall be applied as a temporary clipping boundary when the shading
+        /// is painted, in addition to the current clipping path and any other
+        /// clipping boundaries in effect at that time.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfRectangle? BBox { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The shading operators sample shading functions at a rate determined by
+        /// the resolution of the output device. Aliasing can occur if the function
+        /// is not smooth—that is, if it has a high spatial frequency relative to
+        /// the sampling rate. Anti-aliasing can be computationally expensive and 
+        /// is usually unnecessary, since most shading functions are smooth enough
+        /// or are sampled at a high enough frequency to avoid aliasing effects.
+        /// Anti-aliasing may not be implemented on some output devices, in which
+        /// case this flag is ignored.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool AntiAlias { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="Shading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected internal Shading(ShadingType shadingType, bool antiAlias, DictionaryToken shadingDictionary,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background)
+        {
+            ShadingType = shadingType;
+            AntiAlias = antiAlias;
+            ShadingDictionary = shadingDictionary;
+            ColorSpace = colorSpace;
+            BBox = bbox;
+            Background = background;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Function-based shadings (type 1) define the colour of every point in the domain using a
+    /// mathematical function (not necessarily smooth or continuous).
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class FunctionBasedShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of four numbers [xmin xmax ymin ymax] specifying the rectangular domain of
+        /// coordinates over which the colour function(s) are defined.
+        /// <para>
+        /// Default value: [0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0].
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Domain { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of six numbers specifying a transformation matrix mapping the coordinate
+        /// space specified by the Domain entry into the shading's target coordinate space.
+        /// <para>
+        /// Default value: the identity matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0].
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public TransformationMatrix Matrix { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) A 2-in, n-out function or an array of n 2-in, 1-out functions (where n is the
+        /// number of colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space).
+        /// Each function's domain shall be a superset of that of the shading dictionary.
+        /// If the value returned by the function for a given colour component is out of
+        /// range, it shall be adjusted to the nearest valid value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="FunctionBasedShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FunctionBasedShading(bool antiAlias, DictionaryToken shadingDictionary,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background, double[] domain,
+            TransformationMatrix matrix, PdfFunction function)
+            : base(ShadingType.FunctionBased, antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            Domain = domain;
+            Matrix = matrix;
+            Function = function;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Axial shadings (type 2) define a colour blend along a line between two points, optionally
+    /// extended beyond the boundary points by continuing the boundary colours.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class AxialShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of four numbers [x0 y0 x1 y1] specifying the starting and ending coordinates
+        /// of the axis, expressed in the shading's target coordinate space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Coords { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of two numbers [t0 t1] specifying the limiting values of a parametric variable t.
+        /// The variable is considered to vary linearly between these two values as the colour gradient
+        /// varies between the starting and ending points of the axis. The variable t becomes the input
+        /// argument to the colour function(s). Default value: [0.0 1.0].
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Domain { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n is the number of
+        /// colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). The function(s) shall be
+        /// called with values of the parametric variable t in the domain defined by the Domain entry.
+        /// Each function's domain shall be a superset of that of the shading dictionary. If the value
+        /// returned by the function for a given colour component is out of range, it shall be adjusted
+        /// to the nearest valid value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of two boolean values specifying whether to extend the shading beyond the starting
+        /// and ending points of the axis, respectively. Default value: [false false].
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool[] Extend { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="AxialShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public AxialShading(bool antiAlias, DictionaryToken shadingDictionary,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            double[] coords, double[] domain, PdfFunction function, bool[] extend)
+            : base(ShadingType.Axial, antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            Coords = coords;
+            Domain = domain;
+            Function = function;
+            Extend = extend;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Radial shadings (type 3) define a blend between two circles, optionally extended beyond the
+    /// boundary circles by continuing the boundary colours. This type of shading is commonly used
+    /// to represent three-dimensional spheres and cones.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class RadialShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of six numbers [x0 y0 r0 x1 y1 r1] specifying the centres and radii of the starting
+        /// and ending circles, expressed in the shading's target coordinate space. The radii r0 and r1
+        /// shall both be greater than or equal to 0. If one radius is 0, the corresponding circle shall
+        /// be treated as a point; if both are 0, nothing shall be painted.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Coords { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of two numbers [t0 t1] specifying the limiting values of a parametric variable t.
+        /// The variable is considered to vary linearly between these two values as the colour gradient
+        /// varies between the starting and ending circles. The variable t becomes the input argument
+        /// to the colour function(s).
+        /// <para>
+        /// Default value: [0.0 1.0].
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Domain { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n is the number of
+        /// colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). The function(s) shall be
+        /// called with values of the parametric variable t in the domain defined by the shading
+        /// dictionary's Domain entry. Each function’s domain shall be a superset of that of the
+        /// shading dictionary. If the value returned by the function for a given colour component
+        /// is out of range, it shall be adjusted to the nearest valid value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) An array of two boolean values specifying whether to extend the shading beyond the starting
+        /// and ending points of the axis, respectively.
+        /// <para>
+        /// Default value: [false false].
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool[] Extend { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="RadialShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public RadialShading(bool antiAlias, DictionaryToken shadingDictionary,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            double[] coords, double[] domain, PdfFunction function, bool[] extend)
+            : base(ShadingType.Radial, antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            Coords = coords;
+            Domain = domain;
+            Function = function;
+            Extend = extend;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle meshes (type 4) define a common construct used by many
+    /// three-dimensional applications to represent complex coloured and shaded shapes. Vertices
+    /// are specified in free-form geometry.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class FreeFormGouraudShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each vertex coordinate.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerCoordinate { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each colour component.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerComponent { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent the edge flag for each vertex (see below).
+        /// The value of BitsPerFlag shall be 2, 4, or8, but only the least significant 2 bits
+        /// in each flag value shall beused. The value for the edge flag shall be 0, 1, or 2.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerFlag { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of numbers specifying how to map vertex coordinates and colour components
+        /// into the appropriate ranges of values. The decoding method is similar to that used
+        /// in image dictionaries. The ranges shall bespecified as follows:
+        /// [xmin xmax ymin ymax c1, min c1, max … cn, min cn, max]
+        /// Only one pair of c values shall be specified if a Function entry is present.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Decode { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n
+        /// is the number of colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). If
+        /// this entry is present, the colour data for each vertex shall be specified by a
+        /// single parametric variable rather than by n separate colour components.
+        /// The designated function(s) shall be called with each interpolated value of the
+        /// parametric variable to determine the actual colour at each point. Each input
+        /// value shall be forced into the range interval specified for the corresponding
+        /// colour component in the shading dictionary's Decode array. Each function’s
+        /// domain shall be a superset of that interval. If the value returned by the
+        /// function for a given colour component is out of range, it shall be adjusted
+        /// to the nearest valid value.
+        /// This entry shall not be used with an Indexed colour space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="FreeFormGouraudShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FreeFormGouraudShading(bool antiAlias, StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            int bitsPerCoordinate, int bitsPerComponent, int bitsPerFlag, double[] decode, PdfFunction function)
+            : base(ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud, antiAlias, shadingStream.StreamDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            BitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinate;
+            BitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponent;
+            BitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlag;
+            Decode = decode;
+            Function = function;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lattice-form Gouraud-shaded triangle meshes (type 5) are based on the same geometrical
+    /// construct as type 4 but with vertices specified as a pseudorectangular lattice.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class LatticeFormGouraudShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each vertex coordinate.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerCoordinate { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each colour component.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerComponent { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of vertices in each row of the lattice; the value shall be greater than
+        /// or equal to 2. The number of rows need not be specified.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int VerticesPerRow { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of numbers specifying how to map vertex coordinates and colour components
+        /// into the appropriate ranges of values. The decoding method is similar to that used
+        /// in image dictionaries. The ranges shall bespecified as follows:
+        /// [xmin xmax ymin ymax c1, min c1, max … cn, min cn, max]
+        /// Only one pair of c values shall be specified if a Function entry is present.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Decode { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n is the number
+        /// of colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). If this entry is present,
+        /// the colour data for each vertex shall be specified by a single parametric variable rather
+        /// than by n separate colour components. The designated function(s) shall be called with each
+        /// interpolated value of the parametric variable to determine the actual colour at each point.
+        /// Each input value shall be forced into the range interval specified for the corresponding
+        /// colour component in the shading dictionary's Decode array. Each function's domain shall be
+        /// a superset of that interval. If the value returned by the function for a given colour
+        /// component is out of range, it shall be adjusted to the nearest valid value.
+        /// This entry shall not be used with an Indexed colour space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="LatticeFormGouraudShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public LatticeFormGouraudShading(bool antiAlias, StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            int bitsPerCoordinate, int bitsPerComponent, int verticesPerRow, double[] decode, PdfFunction function)
+            : base(ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud, antiAlias, shadingStream.StreamDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            BitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinate;
+            BitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponent;
+            VerticesPerRow = verticesPerRow;
+            Decode = decode;
+            Function = function;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Coons patch meshes (type 6) construct a shading from one or more colour patches, each
+    /// bounded by four cubic Bézier curves.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CoonsPatchMeshesShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each vertex coordinate.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerCoordinate { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each colour component.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerComponent { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent the edge flag for each patch (see below).
+        /// The value shall be 2, 4, or 8, but only the least significant 2 bits in each flag
+        /// value shall be used. Valid values for the edge flag shall be 0, 1, 2, and 3.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerFlag { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of numbers specifying how to map coordinates and colour components into the
+        /// appropriate ranges of values. The decoding method is similar to that used in image
+        /// dictionaries. The ranges shall be specified as follows:
+        /// [xmin xmax ymin ymax c1, min c1, max … cn, min cn, max]
+        /// Only one pair of c values shall be specified if a Function entry is present.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Decode { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n is
+        /// the number of colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). If this
+        /// entry is present, the colour data for each vertex shall be specified by a single
+        /// parametric variable rather than by n separate colour components. The designated
+        /// function(s) shall be called with each interpolated value of the parametric variable
+        /// to determine the actual colour at each point. Each input value shall be forced into
+        /// the range interval specified for the corresponding colour component in the shading
+        /// dictionary's Decode array. Each function’s domain shall be a superset of that interval.
+        /// If the value returned by the function for a given colour component is out of range, it
+        /// shall be adjusted to the nearest valid value.
+        /// This entry shall not be used with an Indexed colour space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="CoonsPatchMeshesShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CoonsPatchMeshesShading(bool antiAlias, StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            int bitsPerCoordinate, int bitsPerComponent, int bitsPerFlag, double[] decode, PdfFunction function)
+            : base(ShadingType.CoonsPatch, antiAlias, shadingStream.StreamDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            BitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinate;
+            BitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponent;
+            BitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlag;
+            Decode = decode;
+            Function = function;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tensor-product patch meshes (type 7) are similar to type 6 but with additional control
+    /// points in each patch, affording greater control over colour mapping.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class TensorProductPatchMeshesShading : Shading
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each vertex coordinate.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerCoordinate { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent each colour component.
+        /// The value shall be 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerComponent { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) The number of bits used to represent the edge flag for each patch (see below).
+        /// The value shall be 2, 4, or 8, but only the least significant 2 bits in each flag
+        /// value shall be used. Valid values for the edge flag shall be 0, 1, 2, and 3.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int BitsPerFlag { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Required) An array of numbers specifying how to map coordinates and colour components into the
+        /// appropriate ranges of values. The decoding method is similar to that used in image
+        /// dictionaries. The ranges shall be specified as follows:
+        /// [xmin xmax ymin ymax c1, min c1, max … cn, min cn, max]
+        /// Only one pair of c values shall be specified if a Function entry is present.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double[] Decode { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// (Optional) A 1-in, n-out function or an array of n 1-in, 1-out functions (where n is
+        /// the number of colour components in the shading dictionary's colour space). If this
+        /// entry is present, the colour data for each vertex shall be specified by a single
+        /// parametric variable rather than by n separate colour components. The designated
+        /// function(s) shall be called with each interpolated value of the parametric variable
+        /// to determine the actual colour at each point. Each input value shall be forced into
+        /// the range interval specified for the corresponding colour component in the shading
+        /// dictionary's Decode array. Each function’s domain shall be a superset of that interval.
+        /// If the value returned by the function for a given colour component is out of range, it
+        /// shall be adjusted to the nearest valid value.
+        /// This entry shall not be used with an Indexed colour space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PdfFunction Function { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new <see cref="TensorProductPatchMeshesShading"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TensorProductPatchMeshesShading(bool antiAlias, StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, PdfRectangle? bbox, double[] background,
+            int bitsPerCoordinate, int bitsPerComponent, int bitsPerFlag, double[] decode, PdfFunction function)
+            : base(ShadingType.TensorProductPatch, antiAlias, shadingStream.StreamDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background)
+        {
+            BitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinate;
+            BitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponent;
+            BitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlag;
+            Decode = decode;
+            Function = function;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Shading types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum ShadingType : byte
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Function-based shading.
+        /// </summary>
+        FunctionBased = 1,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Axial shading.
+        /// </summary>
+        Axial = 2,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Radial shading.
+        /// </summary>
+        Radial = 3,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh.
+        /// </summary>
+        FreeFormGouraud = 4,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Lattice-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh.
+        /// </summary>
+        LatticeFormGouraud = 5,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Coons patch mesh.
+        /// </summary>
+        CoonsPatch = 6,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tensor-product patch mesh
+        /// </summary>
+        TensorProductPatch = 7
+    }
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/ContentStreamProcessor.cs

@@ -1064,5 +1064,12 @@
         {
             GetCurrentState().FontState.CharacterSpacing = spacing;
         }
+
+        public void PaintShading(NameToken shadingName)
+        {
+            // We do nothing for the moment
+            // Do the following if you need to access the shading:
+            // var shading = resourceStore.GetShading(shadingName);
+        }
     }
 }

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/IOperationContext.cs

@@ -249,5 +249,11 @@
         /// Initial value: 0.
         /// </summary>
         void SetCharacterSpacing(double spacing);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Paint the shape and colour shading described by a shading dictionary, subject to the current clipping path. The current colour in the graphics state is neither used nor altered. The effect is different from that of painting a path using a shading pattern as the current colour.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shading">The name of a shading dictionary resource in the Shading subdictionary of the current resource dictionary.</param>
+        void PaintShading(NameToken shading);
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Graphics/Operations/PaintShading.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
     using System.IO;
     using Tokens;
 
-    /// <inheritdoc />
     /// <summary>
     /// Paint the shape and color shading described by a shading dictionary, subject to the current clipping path.
     /// The current color in the graphics state is neither used nor altered.
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public void Run(IOperationContext operationContext)
         {
+            operationContext.PaintShading(Name);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
@@ -54,4 +54,4 @@
             return $"{Name} {Symbol}";
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Images/ColorSpaceDetailsByteConverter.cs

@@ -53,10 +53,12 @@
         {
             IEnumerable<byte> Unpack(byte b)
             {
+                int right = (int)Math.Pow(2, bitsPerComponent) - 1;
+
                 // Enumerate bits in bitsPerComponent-sized chunks from MSB to LSB, masking on the appropriate bits
                 for (int i = 8 - bitsPerComponent; i >= 0; i -= bitsPerComponent)
                 {
-                    yield return (byte)((b >> i) & ((int)Math.Pow(2, bitsPerComponent) - 1));
+                    yield return (byte)((b >> i) & right);
                 }
             }
 

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Util/ColorSpaceDetailsParser.cs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
                 var decodeRaw = imageDictionary.GetObjectOrDefault(NameToken.Decode, NameToken.D) as ArrayToken
                     ?? new ArrayToken(EmptyArray<IToken>.Instance);
-                var decode = decodeRaw.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToArray();
+                var decode = decodeRaw.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
 
                 return IndexedColorSpaceDetails.Stencil(colorSpaceDetails, decode);
             }
@@ -99,20 +99,20 @@
                             return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
                         }
 
-                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
 
                         // BlackPoint is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.BlackPoint, scanner, out ArrayToken blackPointToken))
                         {
-                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         // Gamma is optional
-                        decimal? gamma = null;
+                        double? gamma = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.Gamma, scanner, out NumericToken gammaToken))
                         {
-                            gamma = gammaToken.Data;
+                            gamma = gammaToken.Double;
                         }
 
                         return new CalGrayColorSpaceDetails(whitePoint, blackPoint, gamma);
@@ -142,27 +142,27 @@
                             return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
                         }
 
-                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
 
                         // BlackPoint is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.BlackPoint, scanner, out ArrayToken blackPointToken))
                         {
-                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         // Gamma is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> gamma = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> gamma = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.Gamma, scanner, out ArrayToken gammaToken))
                         {
-                            gamma = gammaToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            gamma = gammaToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         // Matrix is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> matrix = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> matrix = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.Matrix, scanner, out ArrayToken matrixToken))
                         {
-                            matrix = matrixToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            matrix = matrixToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         return new CalRGBColorSpaceDetails(whitePoint, blackPoint, gamma, matrix);
@@ -192,20 +192,20 @@
                             return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
                         }
 
-                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                        var whitePoint = whitePointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
 
                         // BlackPoint is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> blackPoint = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> blackPoint = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.BlackPoint, scanner, out ArrayToken blackPointToken))
                         {
-                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            blackPoint = blackPointToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         // Matrix is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> matrix = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> matrix = null;
                         if (dictionaryToken.TryGet(NameToken.Matrix, scanner, out ArrayToken matrixToken))
                         {
-                            matrix = matrixToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            matrix = matrixToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         return new LabColorSpaceDetails(whitePoint, blackPoint, matrix);
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@
                         }
 
                         // Range is optional
-                        IReadOnlyList<decimal> range = null;
+                        IReadOnlyList<double> range = null;
                         if (streamToken.StreamDictionary.TryGet(NameToken.Range, scanner, out ArrayToken arrayToken))
                         {
-                            range = arrayToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Data).ToList();
+                            range = arrayToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(x => x.Double).ToArray();
                         }
 
                         // Metadata is optional
@@ -357,8 +357,44 @@
 
                         return new IndexedColorSpaceDetails(baseDetails, (byte)hival, tableBytes);
                     }
-                case ColorSpace.Pattern:
-                    return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
+                case ColorSpace.Pattern:
+                    {
+                        if (cannotRecurse)
+                        {
+                            return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
+                        }
+
+                        ColorSpaceDetails underlyingColourSpace = UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
+                        if (imageDictionary.Data.Count > 0)
+                        {
+                            // Pattern color spaces do not always have dictionary token
+                            if (!TryGetColorSpaceArray(imageDictionary, resourceStore, scanner, out var colorSpaceArray)
+                                || (colorSpaceArray.Length != 1 && colorSpaceArray.Length != 2))
+                            {
+                                return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
+                            }
+
+                            if (!DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(colorSpaceArray[0], scanner, out NameToken patternColorSpaceNameToken)
+                                || !patternColorSpaceNameToken.Equals(NameToken.Pattern))
+                            {
+                                return UnsupportedColorSpaceDetails.Instance;
+                            }
+
+                            // Uncoloured Tiling Patterns
+                            if (colorSpaceArray.Length > 1 && DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(colorSpaceArray[1], scanner, out NameToken underlyingCsNameToken)
+                                && ColorSpaceMapper.TryMap(underlyingCsNameToken, resourceStore, out var underlyingColorSpaceName))
+                            {
+                                underlyingColourSpace = GetColorSpaceDetails(
+                                    underlyingColorSpaceName,
+                                    imageDictionary,
+                                    scanner,
+                                    resourceStore,
+                                    filterProvider,
+                                    true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return new PatternColorSpaceDetails(resourceStore.GetPatterns(), underlyingColourSpace);
+                    }
                 case ColorSpace.Separation:
                     {
                         if (!TryGetColorSpaceArray(imageDictionary, resourceStore, scanner, out var colorSpaceArray)

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Util/PatternParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Util
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Content;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Core;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Filters;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Parser.Parts;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokenization.Scanner;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokens;
+
+    internal static class PatternParser
+    {
+        public static PatternColor Create(IToken pattern, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, IResourceStore resourceStore, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            DictionaryToken patternDictionary;
+            StreamToken patternStream = null;
+
+            if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(pattern, scanner, out StreamToken fs))
+            {
+                patternDictionary = fs.StreamDictionary;
+                patternStream = new StreamToken(fs.StreamDictionary, fs.Decode(filterProvider, scanner));
+            }
+            else if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(pattern, scanner, out DictionaryToken fd))
+            {
+                patternDictionary = fd;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered in page resource dictionary: {pattern}.");
+            }
+
+            if (!patternDictionary.Data.ContainsKey(NameToken.PatternType))
+            {
+                throw new Exception("TODO");
+            }
+
+            int patternType = (patternDictionary.Data[NameToken.PatternType] as NumericToken).Int;
+
+            TransformationMatrix matrix;
+            if ((patternDictionary.Data.ContainsKey(NameToken.Matrix) &&
+                DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(patternDictionary.Data[NameToken.Matrix], scanner, out ArrayToken patternMatrix)))
+            {
+                matrix = TransformationMatrix.FromArray(patternMatrix.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(n => n.Data).ToArray());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // optional - Default value: the identity matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0]
+                matrix = TransformationMatrix.FromArray(new decimal[] { 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 });
+            }
+
+            DictionaryToken patternExtGState = null;
+            if (!(patternDictionary.Data.ContainsKey(NameToken.ExtGState) &&
+                DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(patternDictionary.Data[NameToken.ExtGState], scanner, out patternExtGState)))
+            {
+                // optional
+            }
+
+            switch (patternType)
+            {
+                case 1: // Tiling
+                    return CreateTilingPattern(patternStream, patternExtGState, matrix, scanner);
+
+                case 2: // Shading
+                    return CreateShadingPattern(patternDictionary, patternExtGState, matrix, scanner, resourceStore, filterProvider);
+
+                default:
+                    throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern type encountered in page resource dictionary: {patternType}.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static PatternColor CreateTilingPattern(StreamToken patternStream, DictionaryToken patternExtGState,
+            TransformationMatrix matrix, IPdfTokenScanner scanner)
+        {
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.PaintType, scanner, out var paintTypeToken))
+            {
+                // 1 - Coloured tiling pattern
+                // 2 - Uncoloured tiling pattern
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            // Coloured Tiling Patterns - This type of pattern is identified by a pattern type of 1 and a paint type of 1 in the pattern dictionary.
+            // Uncoloured Tiling Patterns - This type of pattern shall be identified by a pattern type of 1 and a paint type of 2 in the pattern dictionary.
+
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.TilingType, scanner, out var tilingTypeToken))
+            {
+                // 1 - Constant spacing
+                // 2 - No distortion
+                // 3 - Constant spacing and faster tiling
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Bbox, scanner, out var bboxToken))
+            {
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.XStep, scanner, out var xStepToken))
+            {
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.YStep, scanner, out var yStepToken))
+            {
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            if (!patternStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<DictionaryToken>(NameToken.Resources, scanner, out var resourcesToken))
+            {
+                throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Pattern token encountered.");
+            }
+
+            return new TilingPatternColor(matrix, patternExtGState, patternStream, (PatternPaintType)paintTypeToken.Int,
+                (PatternTilingType)tilingTypeToken.Int, bboxToken.ToRectangle(scanner), xStepToken.Double, yStepToken.Double, resourcesToken,
+                patternStream.Data);
+        }
+
+        private static PatternColor CreateShadingPattern(DictionaryToken patternDictionary, DictionaryToken patternExtGState,
+            TransformationMatrix matrix, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, IResourceStore resourceStore,
+            ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            IToken shadingToken = patternDictionary.Data[NameToken.Shading];
+            Shading patternShading;
+            if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(shadingToken, scanner, out DictionaryToken patternShadingDictionary))
+            {
+                patternShading = ShadingParser.Create(patternShadingDictionary, scanner, resourceStore, filterProvider);
+            }
+            else if (DirectObjectFinder.TryGet(shadingToken, scanner, out StreamToken patternShadingStream))
+            {
+                patternShading = ShadingParser.Create(patternShadingStream, scanner, resourceStore, filterProvider);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("TODO");
+            }
+            return new ShadingPatternColor(matrix, patternExtGState, patternDictionary, patternShading);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Util/PdfFunctionParser.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
                 case 4:
                     if (functionStream == null)
                     {
-                        throw new NotImplementedException("PdfFunctionType0 not stream");
+                        throw new NotImplementedException("PdfFunctionType4 not stream");
                     }
                     return new PdfFunctionType4(functionStream);
 

src/UglyToad.PdfPig/Util/ShadingParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+namespace UglyToad.PdfPig.Util
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Content;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Core;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Filters;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Functions;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Graphics.Colors;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokenization.Scanner;
+    using UglyToad.PdfPig.Tokens;
+
+    internal static class ShadingParser
+    {
+        public static Shading Create(IToken shading, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, IResourceStore resourceStore, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            DictionaryToken shadingDictionary = null;
+            StreamToken shadingStream = null;
+
+            if (shading is StreamToken fs)
+            {
+                shadingDictionary = fs.StreamDictionary;
+                shadingStream = new StreamToken(fs.StreamDictionary, fs.Decode(filterProvider, scanner));
+            }
+            else if (shading is DictionaryToken fd)
+            {
+                shadingDictionary = fd;
+            }
+
+            ShadingType shadingType;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.ShadingType, scanner, out var shadingTypeToken))
+            {
+                // Shading types 4 to 7 shall be defined by a stream containing descriptive data characterizing
+                // the shading's gradient fill.
+                if (shadingTypeToken.Int >= 4 && shadingStream == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(shadingStream), $"Shading type '{(ShadingType)shadingTypeToken.Int}' is not properly defined. Shading types 4 to 7 shall be defined by a stream.");
+                }
+
+                shadingType = (ShadingType)shadingTypeToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"'{NameToken.ShadingType}' is required for shading.");
+            }
+
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<NameToken>(NameToken.ColorSpace, scanner, out var colorSpaceToken))
+            {
+                colorSpace = resourceStore.GetColorSpaceDetails(colorSpaceToken, shadingDictionary);
+            }
+            else if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.ColorSpace, scanner, out var colorSpaceSToken))
+            {
+                var first = colorSpaceSToken.Data[0];
+                if (first is NameToken firstColorSpaceName)
+                {
+                    colorSpace = resourceStore.GetColorSpaceDetails(firstColorSpaceName, shadingDictionary);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException("Invalid color space found in shading.");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"'{NameToken.ColorSpace}' is required for shading.");
+            }
+
+            double[] background = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Background, scanner, out var backgroundToken))
+            {
+                // Optional
+                background = backgroundToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+
+            PdfRectangle? bbox = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Bbox, scanner, out var bboxToken))
+            {
+                // Optional
+                bbox = bboxToken.ToRectangle(scanner);
+            }
+
+            // Optional
+            bool antiAlias = shadingDictionary.TryGet<BooleanToken>(NameToken.AntiAlias, scanner, out var antiAliasToken) && antiAliasToken.Data; // Default value: false.
+
+            switch (shadingType)
+            {
+                case ShadingType.FunctionBased:
+                    return CreateFunctionBasedShading(shadingDictionary, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.Axial:
+                    return CreateAxialShading(shadingDictionary, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.Radial:
+                    return CreateRadialShading(shadingDictionary, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud:
+                    return CreateFreeFormGouraudShadedTriangleMeshesShading(shadingStream, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud:
+                    return CreateLatticeFormGouraudShadedTriangleMeshesShading(shadingStream, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.CoonsPatch:
+                    return CreateCoonsPatchMeshesShading(shadingStream, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                case ShadingType.TensorProductPatch:
+                    return CreateTensorProductPatchMeshesShading(shadingStream, colorSpace, background, bbox, antiAlias, scanner, filterProvider);
+
+                default:
+                    throw new PdfDocumentFormatException($"Invalid Shading type encountered in page resource dictionary: '{shadingType}'.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static FunctionBasedShading CreateFunctionBasedShading(DictionaryToken shadingDictionary, ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace,
+            double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            double[] domain = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Domain, scanner, out var domainToken))
+            {
+                domain = domainToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Optional - Default value: [0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0].
+                domain = new double[] { 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
+            }
+
+            TransformationMatrix matrix;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Coords, scanner, out var matrixToken))
+            {
+                matrix = TransformationMatrix.FromArray(matrixToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(n => n.Data).ToArray());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Optional - Default value: the identity matrix [1 0 0 1 0 0]
+                matrix = TransformationMatrix.FromArray(new decimal[] { 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 });
+            }
+
+            if (!shadingDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"'{NameToken.Function}' is required for shading type '{ShadingType.FunctionBased}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+
+            return new FunctionBasedShading(antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background, domain, matrix, function);
+        }
+
+        private static AxialShading CreateAxialShading(DictionaryToken shadingDictionary, ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace,
+            double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            double[] coords = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Coords, scanner, out var coordsToken))
+            {
+                coords = coordsToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Coords} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.Axial}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] domain = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Domain, scanner, out var domainToken))
+            {
+                domain = domainToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // set default values
+                domain = new double[] { 0, 1 };
+            }
+
+            if (!shadingDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Function} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.Axial}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+
+            bool[] extend = new bool[] { false, false }; // Default values
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Extend, scanner, out var extendToken))
+            {
+                extend = extendToken.Data.OfType<BooleanToken>().Select(v => v.Data).ToArray();
+            }
+
+            return new AxialShading(antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background, coords, domain, function, extend);
+        }
+
+        private static RadialShading CreateRadialShading(DictionaryToken shadingDictionary, ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace,
+            double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            double[] coords = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Coords, scanner, out var coordsToken))
+            {
+                coords = coordsToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Coords} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.Radial}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] domain = null;
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Domain, scanner, out var domainToken))
+            {
+                domain = domainToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // set default values
+                domain = new double[] { 0, 1 };
+            }
+
+            if (!shadingDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Function} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.Radial}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+
+            bool[] extend = new bool[] { false, false }; // Default values
+            if (shadingDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Extend, scanner, out var extendToken))
+            {
+                extend = extendToken.Data.OfType<BooleanToken>().Select(v => v.Data).ToArray();
+            }
+
+            return new RadialShading(antiAlias, shadingDictionary, colorSpace, bbox, background, coords, domain, function, extend);
+        }
+
+        private static FreeFormGouraudShading CreateFreeFormGouraudShadedTriangleMeshesShading(StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            int bitsPerCoordinate;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate, scanner, out var bitsPerCoordinateToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinateToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerComponent;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerComponent, scanner, out var bitsPerComponentToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponentToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerComponent} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerFlag;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerFlag, scanner, out var bitsPerFlagToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlagToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerFlag} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] decode;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Decode, scanner, out var decodeToken))
+            {
+                decode = decodeToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Decode} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.FreeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = null; // Optional
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingStream.StreamDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+            }
+
+            return new FreeFormGouraudShading(antiAlias, shadingStream, colorSpace, bbox, background,
+                bitsPerCoordinate, bitsPerComponent, bitsPerFlag, decode, function);
+        }
+
+        private static LatticeFormGouraudShading CreateLatticeFormGouraudShadedTriangleMeshesShading(StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            int bitsPerCoordinate;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate, scanner, out var bitsPerCoordinateToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinateToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerComponent;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerComponent, scanner, out var bitsPerComponentToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponentToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerComponent} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            int verticesPerRow;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.VerticesPerRow, scanner, out var verticesPerRowToken))
+            {
+                verticesPerRow = verticesPerRowToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.VerticesPerRow} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] decode;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Decode, scanner, out var decodeToken))
+            {
+                decode = decodeToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Decode} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.LatticeFormGouraud}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = null; // Optional
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingStream.StreamDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+            }
+
+            return new LatticeFormGouraudShading(antiAlias, shadingStream, colorSpace, bbox, background,
+                bitsPerCoordinate, bitsPerComponent, verticesPerRow, decode, function);
+        }
+
+        private static CoonsPatchMeshesShading CreateCoonsPatchMeshesShading(StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            int bitsPerCoordinate;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate, scanner, out var bitsPerCoordinateToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinateToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.CoonsPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerComponent;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerComponent, scanner, out var bitsPerComponentToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponentToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerComponent} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.CoonsPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerFlag;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerFlag, scanner, out var bitsPerFlagToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlagToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerFlag} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.CoonsPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] decode;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Decode, scanner, out var decodeToken))
+            {
+                decode = decodeToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Decode} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.CoonsPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = null; // Optional
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingStream.StreamDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+            }
+
+            return new CoonsPatchMeshesShading(antiAlias, shadingStream, colorSpace, bbox, background,
+                bitsPerCoordinate, bitsPerComponent, bitsPerFlag, decode, function);
+        }
+
+        private static TensorProductPatchMeshesShading CreateTensorProductPatchMeshesShading(StreamToken shadingStream,
+            ColorSpaceDetails colorSpace, double[] background, PdfRectangle? bbox, bool antiAlias, IPdfTokenScanner scanner, ILookupFilterProvider filterProvider)
+        {
+            int bitsPerCoordinate;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate, scanner, out var bitsPerCoordinateToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerCoordinate = bitsPerCoordinateToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerCoordinate} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.TensorProductPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerComponent;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerComponent, scanner, out var bitsPerComponentToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerComponent = bitsPerComponentToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerComponent} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.TensorProductPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            int bitsPerFlag;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<NumericToken>(NameToken.BitsPerFlag, scanner, out var bitsPerFlagToken))
+            {
+                bitsPerFlag = bitsPerFlagToken.Int;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.BitsPerFlag} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.TensorProductPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            double[] decode;
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.TryGet<ArrayToken>(NameToken.Decode, scanner, out var decodeToken))
+            {
+                decode = decodeToken.Data.OfType<NumericToken>().Select(v => v.Double).ToArray();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException($"{NameToken.Decode} is required for shading type '{ShadingType.TensorProductPatch}'.");
+            }
+
+            PdfFunction function = null; // Optional
+            if (shadingStream.StreamDictionary.ContainsKey(NameToken.Function))
+            {
+                function = PdfFunctionParser.Create(shadingStream.StreamDictionary.Data[NameToken.Function], scanner, filterProvider);
+            }
+
+            return new TensorProductPatchMeshesShading(antiAlias, shadingStream, colorSpace, bbox, background,
+                bitsPerCoordinate, bitsPerComponent, bitsPerFlag, decode, function);
+        }
+    }
+}